ENVIRONMENTAL LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF CADMIUM TELLURIDE SOLAR CELLS: Cd EMISSSIONS

This analysis focuses on cadmium flows and atmospheric emissions in the life cycle of cadmium telluride solar cells. New data in the mining/smelting and utilization phases were used. Published estimates were cross-referenced with current environmental impact reports from metal smelting facilities, and experimental investigations were conducted to quantify emissions during fires. It was estimated that the total of atmospheric emissions of cadmium during all the phases of the modules’ life is about 0.02 g of Cd per GWh of electricity produced. These life-cycle emissions are two orders of magnitude lower than the controlled routine Cd emissions during the operation of modern coal-fired power plants.